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About this paper

Yibin Lei, Tao Shen, Yu Cao, Andrew Yates

LENS builds lexicon-based embeddings by clustering language-model output-token vectors and allowing tokens to attend to full-text context. On MTEB’s 56 datasets across seven categories, LENS-8000 scores 71.63, versus 71.24 for BGE-en-ICL, exceeding it in six categories but trailing on summarization. Their concatenation reaches 63.00 average nDCG@10 on 15 BEIR datasets, improving on both models on 12 of 15.

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