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About this paper

Mateusz Piotrowski, Paul M. Riechers, Daniel Filan, Adam S. Shai

The paper explains how small transformers predict sequences from a three-state hidden Markov model by approximating Bayesian belief updates under attention’s parallel constraints. Attention adds distance-weighted, token-specific corrections to a stationary belief, while the MLP warps this constrained fractal toward the full belief geometry. In tested Mess3 models, two heads recover alternating influence when transition eigenvalues are negative; results do not generalize to large language models.

Summary by alphaXiv.

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