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About this paper

Ya Gao, Kalle Kujanpää, Pekka Marttinen, Harri Valpola, Alexander Ilin

Models are trained to use updates as intermediate steps in multi-hop questions, not merely answer direct questions about edited facts. Contextual stories link updates to prior facts; a teacher that sees the story is distilled into a student that does not. On Qwen3-32B, answer-only Multi-Hop training scores 89.0 ± 0.3 on MQuAKE-CF without CoT, versus 38.3 ± 0.7 for Single-Hop; counterfactual updates with CoT remain a limitation.

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