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About this paper
Yanjun Chen, Yirong Sun, Hanlin Wang, Jinghan Wang, Xinming Zhang, Xiaoyu Shen, Wenjie Li, Wei Zhang
C3 replays decisions by preserving recorded history, substituting an alternative message, and regenerating downstream actions to terminal reward. It estimates message-level credit from observed outcomes rather than a critic’s predictions, provided the trace captures everything downstream agents read. In the two-agent Reasoner–Actor evaluation, four continuations achieve 0.69 rank correlation with a 16-continuation reference.
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