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About this paper
Vincent Henkel, Felix Gehlhoff, David Kube, Asaad Almutareb, Luis Cruz, Bernd Hellingrath, Philip Koch, Christoph Legat and 8 more
A systematic literature review investigates Foundation Model (FM)-based agents in industrial automation, proposing a unified definition and characterizing their technological maturity, application domains, and functional profiles. The review identifies a shift from traditional optimization-centric tasks to assistive, monitoring, and knowledge-intensive roles, revealing both enhanced human interaction capabilities and persistent challenges in generalization, reliability, and real-world deployment.
Key insights
- FM-based agents demonstrate a repositioning in industrial applications, moving from classical planning and scheduling towards user assistance, process optimization, and monitoring roles, indicating a convergence with Digital Twin paradigms.
- The integration of FMs significantly enhances capabilities for human interaction (+37.1 pp) and dealing with uncertainty (+35.3 pp), while traditional multi-agent negotiation capabilities are less frequently observed (-39.0 pp).
- The majority of FM-based industrial agent systems are at the prototype stage (TRL 4–6), with deployment-level evidence being rare, indicating critical challenges in achieving real-world validity, reliability, and robust integration (e.g., hallucination, computational costs, prompt sensitivity).
Summary by alphaXiv.
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