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About this paper
Srinivasan Arunachalam, Arkopal Dutt, Hari Krovi, Rik Sengupta
The paper constructs tasks separating shallow quantum circuits from bounded-resource diffusion language models and decoder-only transformers. It samples bit blocks with even parity exactly using a depth-4 quantum circuit, while a constant-round DLM with n^0.9 workspace and revisions remains at constant total-variation distance. For each transformer depth, an iterated lookup function requires width Hdp=n^Ω(1), without establishing practical advantages.
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