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About this paper

Ruohan Li, Miaoqing Tian, Haipeng Qu, Ruobing Jiang

GRAML maps code relationships from vulnerable lines into training explanations and auxiliary supervision. It trains a detector that uses source code alone at inference. Graph evidence and CVE information guide training-data construction. CodeLlama-7B reaches 68.70% average F1 across an ID test set and six out-of-distribution datasets, compared with 65.06% for DeepSeek-V4-Flash. The method is evaluated for C/C++.

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