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About this paper

David González-Martínez, Philipp Nazari, T. Konstantin Rusch, Shiwei Liu

Linear Depth Memory (LDM) gives transformer layers a fixed-size associative memory they can query and update, alongside the ordinary residual stream. It uses recursive least squares to fit key–value associations rather than retaining all earlier layer outputs. In matched 1.5B-parameter models trained on 100B tokens, LDM achieved validation perplexity 9.15 versus mHC’s 9.25; evidence covers tested language-modeling setups.

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