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About this paper

Yunkai Dang, Wanyu Zhang, Meiyi Zhu, Qi Fan, Tianyu Ding, Wenbin Li

TERM adapts an inference-time intervention to changes in a model’s attention and residual updates, without using new weights, an external safety classifier, or a predefined steering direction. On LLaMA-3.1-8B, it averages 97.00% defense success across seven jailbreak attacks and 1.43% over-refusal across two benign benchmarks, versus 91.86% and 2.13% for AdaSteer. These results are limited to tested models and benchmarks.

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